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Trichomonas vaginalis  is a parasitic protozoan that causes trichomoniasis. The involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome in trichomoniasis has been discussed in recent studies. The present study aimed to find out the involvement of  Nlrp3, Nlrc4 , and  Aim2  in the BALB/c mouse model infected with symptomatic and asymptomatic isolates of  T. vaginalis  by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Our results showed a significantly increased expression of  Nlrp3  in the vaginal tissue of the symptomatic group on the 2 nd  dpi and 14 th  dpi in the asymptomatic group, respectively. The cervical tissue of asymptomatic groups expressed higher  Nlrp3  on 14 th  dpi than the symptomatic group. The  Nlrc4  was expressed on 14 th  dpi in the vaginal and cervical tissues of mice infected with asymptomatic group as compared to the symptomatic group.  Aim2  expression in vaginal tissue was highest at early time points in both the infected groups as compared to controls. However, in cervical tissues, a significant increase of  Aim2  expression was observed on 14 th  dpi in asymptomatic as compared to the symptomatic group. The significantly higher expression of  caspase-1  and  caspase-4  was observed in cervical tissues of the asymptomatic group on 14 th  dpi as compared to the symptomatic group, respectively. All NLRs together resulted in higher IL-1β expression in the vaginal tissues of the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. We conclude from this study that early expression of  Nlrp3, Nlrc4 , and  Aim2  was seen in the symptomatic group as compared to the late-onset asymptomatic in the vaginal and cervical tissues.

Latent Upregulation of Nlrp3, Nlrc4 and Aim2 Differentiates between Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Trichomonas vaginalis Infection