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Myocardial toxicity is a common side effect of doxorubicin (DOXO) therapy in breast cancer patients. We hypothesized that DOXO-induced cardiotoxicity may be related to the release of inflammatory cytokines in response to the treatment. This study aimed to assess changes in plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) after chemotherapy and to correlate these levels with cardiac biomarkers and clinical data. Sixty-four patients with breast cancer treated with DOXO were included. Twenty-two subjects (cases) developed cardiotoxicity until one year after the end of DOXO treatment. Cytokines and cardiac markers were evaluated before starting chemotherapy (T0), up to 7 days after the last infusion (T1) and 12 months after the last infusion (T2). Higher IL-10 levels were observed in the case group compared to controls at T1 ( p  = .006) and T2 ( p  = .046). The IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF levels did not change during treatment in each group ( p  &gt; .05), nor between the case and control groups. The IL-10 levels were higher at T1 than at T0 and T2 ( p  &lt; .05 for both) in the cardiotoxicity group. A correlation between IL-10 and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels at T0 and T2 in the cardiotoxicity group was observed ( p  = .048 and  p  = .004, respectively). Our study demonstrated that DOXO induced an increase in plasma IL-10 levels in patients who presented cardiotoxicity after treatment, which correlated with NT-proBNP levels.

Interleukin-10 Levels are Associated with Doxorubicin-Related Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer Patients in a One-Year Follow-Up Study