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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by genetic, environmental and immunological factors. It is known that neural development processes are affected by immune functions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between cytokines  IL6  and  IL1B  gene polymorphisms in ASD. DNA isolations were performed in 95 children diagnosed with ASD and 84 unrelated healthy children, single-nucleotide changes in  IL6  (rs1800796) and  IL1B  (rs1143634) genes were determined by using Real-Time PCR (Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction) method. IL6  rs1800796 polymorphism presented an elevated risk for the development of ASD with CG genotype and dominant model (CG+GG vs. CC), CG+GG carriers (OR = 1.867,  p  = 0.057; OR = 1.847,  p  = 0.055, respectively). CT genotype in  IL1B  rs1143634 polymorphism associated with 2.33 times elevated risk of autism and showed a significant association compared to wild-type CC genotype ( p  = 0.02).  IL1B  rs1143634 polymorphism presented a significantly elevated risk for the development of ASD with recessive model (CC+CT vs.TT), TT genotype (OR = 8.145,  p  = 0.02). This study concludes that rs1143634 is associated with the risk of ASD in Turkish children. Determining these polymorphisms in a larger sample group may contribute to understanding the etiology of ASD and developing new treatment protocols. ASD: Autism spectrum disorder; DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid; IL6: Interleukin 6; IL1B: Interleukin 1 beta; Real-time PCR: Real-time polymerase chain reaction; JAK-STAT: The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription; MAPK: The mitogen-activated protein kinase; 5ʹUTR: The 5′ untranslated region; IL1α: Interleukin 1 alpha; IL-1Ra: Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist; NF-κB: Nuclear factor-kappa B; DSM-V: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; M-CHAT: Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers; EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; gDNA: Genomic DNA; HWE: Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium; ANK2: Ankyrin 2; NL3: Neuroligin-3; XRCC4: X-ray repair cross complementing 4

Evaluation of IL1B rs1143634 and IL6 rs1800796 Polymorphisms with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Turkish Children