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This retrospective study utilized comprehensive Finnish national register data to examine the course and mortality of eating disorders among Finnish adolescent inpatients. The study population ( N  = 17,112) comprised of all subjects admitted for the first time to psychiatric hospital care at age 13–17 in 1980–2010. In 10-year follow-up, morbidity and mortality were compared between those admitted for eating disorders (ED group) and other psychiatric patients (non-ED group). Of the study population, 1081 were ED patients (1031 female and 50 male). Mean age was 15 (SD = 1) in both ED and non-ED groups, and the mean follow-up time was 7.7 (SD = 2.2) and 8.4 years (SD = 2.1), respectively. Over 50% of the patients had readmissions during follow-up, the ED group having a higher risk for readmissions. Crude mortality rate (CMR) was 1.5 in the ED group and 2.9 in the non-ED group. Suicide was the most common cause of death: 43.8% in the ED group vs. 52.9% in the non-ED group ( p  = .28). In multivariate analyses, ED at index admission predicted rehospitalizations but, compared to other disorders, was not associated with increased mortality. In the ED group, psychiatric readmissions were more common, but in contrast to earlier reports, mortality was not higher than in other psychiatric disorders. The subjects were treated in specialized adolescent psychiatric services. The prognosis of adolescent onset EDs may improve when treatment is developmentally sensitive.

Morbidity and mortality after adolescent eating disorders requiring inpatient care