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Since we and others have shown that supplemental magnesium raises whole blood ionized magnesium (iMg 2+ ) we  investigated the relationships between self-reported dietary magnesium intake and concentrations of whole blood iMg 2+  and  serum magnesium (s-Mg). We obtained whole blood iMg 2+  concentrations, as well as s-Mg concentrations,  from a pilot, three-arm, randomized, controlled, crossover bioavailability study of magnesium supplements ( n  = 23; 105 measures).  Dietary magnesium intake was assessed using three-day food records and the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR, University of Minnesota, MN, USA). Whole blood iMg 2+  was measured with an electrode analyser (NOVA Biochemical, Waltham, MA, USA), whereas s-Mg was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy. A linear mixed-effects model was employed with dietary magnesium as the outcome variable and iMg 2+ , s-Mg, study treatment and study visit as fixed effects. We adjusted age, gender, race and body mass index covariates. Values for dietary magnesium, iMg 2+  and s-Mg were 303.8 ± 118.9 mg/day, 1.3 ± 0.1 mg/dL and 2.2 ± 4.1 mg/dL, respectively. No association was found between dietary magnesium intake and iMg 2+  −125 ± 176.95 ( p  = .49) or s-Mg −9.33 ± 5.04 ( p  = .08). Whole blood iMg 2+  and s-Mg concentrations do not reflect short-term self-reported dietary intake in adults. Further research is needed to determine whether blood biomarkers of magnesium may reflect dietary magnesium intake.Key messagesDietary intake of magnesium, a shortfall nutrient, may be objectively measured using blood biomarkers of magnesium.Serum magnesium and whole blood iMg 2+  were not associated with short-term dietary intake of magnesium. Dietary intake of magnesium, a shortfall nutrient, may be objectively measured using blood biomarkers of magnesium. Serum magnesium and whole blood iMg 2+  were not associated with short-term dietary intake of magnesium.

annals of medicine

Relationship between short-term self-reported dietary magnesium intake and whole blood ionized magnesium (iMg 2+ ) or serum magnesium (s-Mg) concentrations