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Skeletal muscle index (SMI) is a promising predictor of clinical outcomes in patients with malignant diseases. As a simpler surrogate of sarcopenia-psoas muscle index (PMI), its predict value for overall survival (OS) after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been reported. To determine if changes in the PMI predicted OS in individuals with HCC treated with TACE. A retrospective analysis was performed in HCC patients treated with TACE between January 2018 and March 2019. The survival curve according to PMI was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method and then compared by the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards models were conducted to identify the prognostic factors for OS. Furthermore, the predictive abilities of PMI and SMI were compared by using Harrell’s concordance index (C-index). Two hundred and twenty-eight patients (175 men, mean age 59 ± 11 years) were analysed. The OS was less in patients with low PMI than those with high PMI (median OS: 16.9 vs. 38.5 months,  p  &lt; .001). Multivariate analysis found that either PMI (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45–0.91;  p  &lt; .001) or SMI (HR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.36–0.72;  p  &lt; .001) was significantly associated with OS. In the multivariate analysis, the C-index for PMI was 0.78 and 0.79 for SMI ( p  = .985). PMI is a simple tool to predict OS in HCC patients treated with TACE. The predictive ability of PMI is comparable to that of SMI.Key messagesLow psoas-muscle index is associated with decreased overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).Psoas-muscle index has advantages of being faster and easier to acquire, which thus makes it more likely to achieve widespread clinical application. Low psoas-muscle index is associated with decreased overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Psoas-muscle index has advantages of being faster and easier to acquire, which thus makes it more likely to achieve widespread clinical application.

Low Psoas-Muscle index is associated with decreased survival in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial chemoembolization