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Aim of present study was to synthesize a novel chitosan-quercetin (CTS-QT) complex by making a carbodiimide linkage using maleic anhydride as cross-linker and to investigate its enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant activities as compare to pure CTS and QT. Equimolar concentration of QT and maleic anhydride were used to react with 100 mg CTS to form CTS-QT complex. For this purpose, three bacterial strains namely  E. Coli ,  S. Aureus  and  P. Aeruginosa  were used for  in-vitro  antibacterial analysis (ZOI, MIC, MBC, checker board and time kill assay). Later molecular docking studies were performed on protein structure of  E. Coli  to assess binding affinity of pure QT and CTS-QT complex. MD simulations with accelerated settings were used to explore the protein-ligand complex’s binding interactions and stability. Antioxidant profile was determined by performing DPPH• radical scavenging assay, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total reducing power (TRP) assays. Delivery mechanism to CTS-QT complex was improved by synthesizing polycaprolactone containing microspheres (CTS-QT-PCL-Levo-Ms) using Levofloxacin as model drug to enhance their antibacterial profile. Resulted microspheres were evaluated by particle size, charge, surface morphology,  in-vitro  drug release and hemolytic profile and are all were found within limits. Antibacterial assay revealed that CTS-QT-PCL-Levo-Ms showed more than two folds increased bactericidal activity against  E. Coli  and  P. Aeruginosa , while 1.5 folds against  S. Aureus.  Green colored formation of phosphate molybdate complexes with highest 85 ± 1.32% TAC confirmed its antioxidant properties. Furthermore, molecular docking and dynamics studies revealed that CTS-QT was embedded nicely within the active pocket of UPPS with binding energy greater than QT with RSMD value of below 1.5. Conclusively, use of maleic acid,  in-vitro  and  in-silico  antimicrobial studies confirm the emergence of CTS-QT complex containing microspheres as novel treatment strategy for all types of bacterial infections. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

journal of biomolecular structure and dynamics

Design, synthesis, spectroscopic characterization,  in-vitro  antibacterial evaluation and  in-silico  analysis of polycaprolactone containing chitosan-quercetin microspheres