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Capreomycin is a second line antibiotic used for the treatment of drug resistant Tuberculosis (TB), primary reason of death from a solo infectious organism,  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  ( M.tb ). Capreomycin targets the ribosome of bacteria and is known to bind at the interface where the large and small ribosomal subunits interact in  M.tb  using an S-Adenosyl Methionine (SAM) dependent methyltransferase, TlyA (Rv1794). Besides the methyltransferase activity, TlyA has also been found to show substantial haemolytic activity. The dual activity of TlyA highlights its crucial role in pathogenesis and virulence of  M.tb . In the present study, docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out to explore the impact of mutations in a conserved SAM binding motif,  90 GASTG 94 , on the affinity of TlyA enzyme for SAM. Two already reported mutations, A91E and S92L, and the remaining wild type residues, Gly90, Thr93, Gly94 mutated to alanine were taken into consideration resulting in a total of six systems, wild type + SAM, G90A + SAM, A91E + SAM, S92L + SAM, T93A + SAM and G94A + SAM that were subjected to 100 ns MD simulations. Docking scores and MD simulations analyses revealed that in contrast to wild type, mutants reduced the affinity of SAM for TlyA with most prominent effect observed in case of alanine mutants. Mutations also led to the loss of hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions and large-scale movement of atoms evident from the principal component analyses indicating their destabilizing impact on TlyA. The present study gives insights into influence of mutations on binding of SAM to TlyA in  M.tb  and promoting capreomycin resistance. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Insights into the mutations leading to capreomycin resistance in S-adenosyl-L-methionine binding motif in TlyA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis