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Prescribing oral oncolytic agents (OAs) for advanced cancers is increasing. To explore changes in medication beliefs and the effects of symptom severity, cognitive effectiveness and depressive symptoms on medication beliefs over 12 weeks. Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial, testing an intervention to promote symptom management and adherence [N = 230]. Questionnaires evaluated medication beliefs, symptom severity, depressive symptoms, and cognitive effectiveness. Linear mixed effects models were used for analyses. OA  Necessity  beliefs increased over time (mean difference 0.0112, SE = 0.055, p 0.04).  Concern  beliefs did not change and were lower for advanced cancers (–0.193, SE = 0.067, p &lt; 0.01).Depressive symptoms were related to decreased  Necessity  beliefs (–0.012, SE = 0.005, p = 0.02), but not  Concern  beliefs. Medication beliefs were not associated with symptom severity or cognitive effectiveness. Patients with advanced cancer hold different medication beliefs compared to earlier staged cancers, lending insight into potential outcomes beyond adherence.

Factors affecting medication beliefs among patients newly prescribed oral oncolytic agents