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While most literature examines the determinants of international student mobility on a single scale, either global, regional, or national, differences between various patterns are under-investigated. To address this gap, this article explores the determinants of international student mobility at three distinct levels: global, Asian-outward, and intra-Asian. Secondary data from international databases are collected to test the effects of economic, linguistic, educational, technological, and geographical factors at each level. Findings reveal significant variation between intra-Asian student mobility and the other two levels. More specifically, while pull factors of the destination countries are salient to global and Asian outward mobility, intra-Asian mobility is predominantly influenced by push factors of the source countries. We then interpret how differences in macro socio-economic conditions shape uneven mobility dynamics replicated at the global and regional levels. Suggestions for future research on Asian higher education and international student mobility are also presented.

Diversified patterns and future prospects of international student mobility: a multi-level analysis from global and Asian perspectives