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This paper examines the roots and outcomes of Polish-Libyan military cooperation between 1970 and 1990. From the early 1970s onward, Muammar Gaddafi spent millions of US dollars purchasing military hardware from the Soviet bloc. Poland played a significant role in this process by which his armed forces were re-equipped, by providing weapons and advisors who trained soldiers at both the Polish and Libyan military academies. In this paper, the authors refer to declassified files from the Polish archives to address the dynamics and main pillars of Polish-Libyan military cooperation, as well as describing challenges relating to the deployment of hundreds of specialists at Gaddafi’s facilities. The paper also sheds light on Poles’ involvement in secret Libyan nuclear and chemical projects, underlining financial benefits that became the driving force behind such clandestine relationships.

Arms, Advisors and Weapons of Mass Destruction: Polish-Libyan Military Cooperation, 1970-1990