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Any analysis of women’s place in the early modern diplomatic world must necessarily begin by recognising the important role played by female rulers (that is, women who ruled in their own right), queens (wives or widows of monarchs), and female regents. Some female rulers were indeed involved in diplomatic negotiations, but it is difficult to determine their true role: were they actual negotiators or mere intermediaries? And apart from rulers, could women act as political agents in foreign countries? Archival documents show that, behind the scenes, women were often very influential (Lucien Bély,  Espions et ambassadeurs au temps de Louis XIV  (Paris: Fayard, 1990), 174–182.). In this paper I shall try to answer these questions, and to offer a theoretical approach about women in diplomacy. I shall do this by looking at Friedrich Carl von Moser’s treatise  L’Ambassadrice et ses droits : an essay, maybe a unique one, about the ‘ambassadress’ – a term that Moser uses to refer to both a female diplomat in her own right and the wife of an ambassador (Friedrich Carl von Moser,  L’Ambassadrice et ses droits  (Berlin: Etienne de Bourdeaux, 1754).).

Women in Diplomacy: The Ambassadress Seen by Friedrich Carl von Moser