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Stripe (yellow) rust caused by  Puccinia striiformis  f. sp.  tritici  ( Pst ) is the most devastating disease of wheat in Turkey. Virulence characterization of the  Pst  population is critical to prevent large-scale epidemics, by developing wheat cultivars with durable resistance against the disease. In this study, 38  Pst  races, including 25 races that were not previously reported, were identified from 140 isolates obtained from most regions of Turkey from 2018 to 2020 using a differential set containing 18 single  Yr  gene wheat lines (NILs) of ‘Avocet’. Virulence to  Yr15  was not observed among any of the isolates. Virulence to the remaining 17- Yr genes  was detected at various frequencies. The frequencies of virulence to  Yr6, Yr9, Yr7, Yr8, Yr43, YrExp2, Yr44, YrTr1 , and  Yr27  were high (57.1 to 100.0%), to  Yr1, Yr17, Yr32 , and  YrTye  were moderate (24.3 to 42.9%), and to  YrSP, Yr24 , and  Yr10  were low (9.3 to 17.1%). Only one race was virulent to  Yr5  (0.7%). Many of the races identified were common among regions, indicating that  Pst  races migrate throughout Turkey. However, the Black Sea (BS) and the Mediterranean (ME) regions were differentiated from other regions by unique races absent in other regions, and the  Yr5 -virulent race, respectively. To sum up, the virulences of the races identified and their distributions among regions provided an understanding of pathogen migration and may contribute to the development of resistant wheat cultivars against stripe rust.

Virulence characterization of the wheat stripe rust pathogen, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici , in Turkey from 2018 to 2020