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As a genuinely contemporary sport, mixed martial arts (MMA) was born and developed throughout the twentieth century, during which time it remained fairly marginal, only to find a more formal and mediatized format in the 1990s. The first legal events in France began taking place in 2020. Consequently, how did legalization influence the evolution of MMA practice, both in training rooms and during competitions? The research is primarily based on 21 semi-directive interviews and the observation of five events (pankration/kempo rules) in France, between 2011 and 2015. The last step included the legalization phase of the sport between 2019 and 2022 and four professional events observed in France (MMA rules). Ten interviews were carried out with federal or organizational figures, in addition to trainers and fighters. The main result shows that MMA in France was already sportivized before legalization. Legalization tends to reassure individuals and parents.

The legalization process of mixed martial arts and its effects on both practice and practitioners: The case of France