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The expressions of parental care can vary in space and time because factors driving offspring mortality depend on variable abiotic and biotic conditions.  Manogea porracea  is a spider that exhibits biparental care and widespread distribution in the Neotropical region. Parents can protect their offspring against abiotic conditions that may damage their webs, or compromise their egg sacs, and against araneophagic spiders that prey on their eggs. However, the current knowledge of the parental care in the species is restricted to a population located in areas covered by  Eucalyptus  plantations. This study investigates parental care efficiency in a new ecological context, a protected area of Brazilian savanna. We described the substrates in which  M. porracea  built webs and the agents of egg mortality. We also performed a parent removal experiment to test the effect of parental care on the integrity of nursery webs, offspring survival, and the presence of egg predators. Spiders built webs at variable heights and many distinct substrates but were mainly associated with the bromeliad  Ananas ananassoides . We found two previously reported egg predators,  Faiditus caudatus  and  Argyrodes elevatus  (Araneae Theridiidae), and a new one emerging from the egg sacs, the insect  Zeugomantispa virescens  (Neuroptera Mantispidae). The presence of parents in the webs of  M. porracea  prevented the webs from collapsing and effectively increased offspring survival. However, the occurrence of egg predators was not reduced by the presence of parents. Overall, parental care increased offspring survival in both populations, but variation in biotic and abiotic factors between areas influenced offspring mortality and the efficiency of parental behaviours. Our results emphasise the importance of investigating multiple populations in behavioural studies of parental care.

Offspring mortality factors and parental care efficiency of the spider Manogea porracea (Araneidae) in the Brazilian savanna