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In order to strengthen the cognition on synergy between crop residue incorporation and K, a continuous positioning experiment was carried out in 2020 and 2021. Four crop residue incorporation (CK, residue removal, WR, CR, and WR+CR, denoted wheat, cotton, and wheat and cotton residue incorporation) and three K rates (0, 150, and 225 kg K 2 O ha −1 , denoted as K0, K150, and K225, respectively) were set. Compared with CK-K0, WR+CR-K150 increased seed cotton yield by 30.2% which reached the yield level of CK-K225. Taking the maximum theoretical seed cotton yield under CK as target yield, WR+CR, WR, and CR could achieve the same yield level with 59%–62%, 41%–49%, and 35%–43% less K fertilizer, respectively. Higher load capacity of root (LCR), boll loading of root (BLR) and lower root–shoot ratio (R/S) were observed at the boll-opening stage under the combined condition. When R/S, LCR and BLR were 0.12 g g −1 , 4.00 g g −1  and 1.12 boll g −1 , cotton could achieve maximum theoretical yield.  13 C labeling result showed that WR+CR-K150 increased reproductive organ distribution proportion by 30.5% on average as compared with CK-K0. Thus, WR+CR-K150 can increase seed cotton yield by improving cotton root production capacity and increasing the photosynthate distribution proportion in reproductive organ.

archives of agronomy and soil science

Continuous wheat-cotton residue incorporation combined with potassium fertilizer improved cotton root production capacity and constructed an optimized photosynthate distribution structure for high seedcotton yield