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Shifting cultivation ( Jhum ) involves the conversion of forest land to agricultural land, and two successive  Jhum  cultivations in a patch of land make a  Jhum  cycle. Shortening of the cycle to meet population needs is a challenge, and one potential solution is to use N 2 -fixing, trees in  fallow-phase  and crops in  cropping-phase . A pot experiment was conducted with soil from 2-, 4-, and 8-years fallows of alder-based (N 2 -fixed) and traditional  Jhum  agroecosystems, grown with surface-sterilized local French beans (design: CRD). A factorial micro-plot field experiment was also set up in alder-based  Jhum  sites in 2-, 4-, and 8-years fallow. In both, soil physico-chemical and biological properties, root nodulation and yield attributes of French beans were studied. Root nodulation and biomass yield attributes were higher in alder-based systems compared to traditional, with comparable improvements seen in shorter fallows. At harvest, yield parameters were in the order of 4-&gt;2-&gt;8-years in alder-based and 8-&gt;4-&gt;2-years in traditional  Jhum  soil.  Rhizobium  populations may decrease with longer fallow lengths without a host and fire stress of  Jhum . Fallow length effect on all soil parameters, with increased values as length increased in both  Jhum . Combination of soil-fertility and nodulation led to higher grain yield in 4-year-fallows of alder-based  Jhum .

Root nodulation and yield of French bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) are altered by fallow length in slash-and-burn agriculture