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This study investigated the impacts of spraying iodine (I) as potassium iodide (KI) and K-iodate (KIO 3 ) with/without calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) on apple ( Malus domestica  Borth.) enrichment with I as well as on fruit quality. ‘Idared’ apple trees were sprayed with I: (i) in the summer, five times at a rate of 0.1 kg ha −1  in each treatment with or without CaCl 2  and (ii) preharvest (2 weeks before harvest) at a rate of 0.5 kg ha −1 . Iodine concentrations in apples sprayed with this nutrient in the summer varied from 41 to 70 µg 100 g −1  FW. The preharvest I sprays increased apple I concentrations up to 63–69 µg 100 g −1  FW. Only the addition of CaCl 2  to the spray solution containing KIO 3  enhanced fruit I concentration. The sprays of I with CaCl 2  increased apple Ca concentration as well as flesh firmness and contents of organic acids in fruit after storage. The percentage of I losses did not differ between combinations, averaging 11.3%. It is concluded that the summer sprays of KI or KIO 3  with CaCl 2  should be recommended to biofortify apples with I and improve their Ca-related storability.

The summer sprays of iodine with calcium chloride are successful in biofortifying apples with iodine and improving their storability