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Amendment of saline soils with biochar and rhizobacteria is a new technique to diminish the negative impacts of salt stress on plants. Hence, an original pot experiment was conducted in a glass greenhouse at the University of Tabriz to investigate the performance of salt-stressed (0, 6 and 12 dS m −1  NaCl) rapeseed ( Brassica napus  L.) plants in response to different biochar-related treatments (non-biochar, biochar, biochar-based  Pseudomonas putida  RS-198, biochar-based  Azotobacter chroococcum  RS-106 and both bacteria). The biochar-related treatments reduced sodium content, generation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and enzymatic antioxidants in plant tissues while enhanced nutrient content, non-enzymatic antioxidants, main and lateral roots lengths and weights, main/lateral root length ratio, specific root length, root diameter, shoot length and weight, leaf area, chlorophyll content and seed and oil yields under saline conditions. The biochar-based  Pseudomonas + Azotobacter  was the superior treatment for reducing the harmful impacts of salt stress on rapeseed plants, which resulted in 83–109% and 69–115% improvements in seed and oil yields of this crop under moderate and high salinities, respectively. Therefore, inoculation of biochar with both rhizobacteria might be a novel approach for improving salt tolerance and productivity of rapeseed plants.

archives of agronomy and soil science

Alleviation of salt stress in rapeseed ( Brassica napus  L.) plants by biochar-based rhizobacteria: new insights into the mechanisms regulating nutrient uptake, antioxidant activity, root growth and productivity