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The objective was to develop efficient substrates, with increasing proportions of biochar derived from anaerobic sewage sludge (ASS-biochar) and regionally available raw materials, to produce tobacco seedlings ( Nicotiana tabacum ) in floating systems. Physical, hydraulic and chemical variables and the effects on tobacco plants were evaluated through an indoor experiment with seedling production. The experiment was conducted on trays in a floating hydroponic system in a randomized block design with four replications and eight plants per plot. The ASS-biochar showed environmental safety and agronomic efficiency in substrate composition, in particular with 50% to 90% ASS-biochar in the formulation. The best formulations positively affected the growth-related variables, showing similar or superior performance to the three commercial substrates (references). The ideal ranges of the substrate characteristics were: dry density: 420–520 kg m −3 ; total porosity: 60–75%; aeration space: 25–35%; easily available water: 9–12%; water buffering capacity: 3–5%; available water: 12–15%; remaining water: 20–25%; pH: 6.0–6.5; electrical conductivity: 1.4–2.3 mS cm −1 . The development of substrates considering ASS-biochar, regional raw materials and ideal physical-chemical properties would prevent environmental pollution by generating value-added products to improve tobacco seedlings and expand the productivity and quality of tobacco worldwide.

Efficient substrates based on anaerobic sewage sludge biochar for tobacco seedlings in floating systems