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Zinc deficient soils cause low crop production leading to malnutrition in humans and livestock. Two years field experiments were conducted on cowpea crop with six ZnSO 4 ·H 2 O (33%) treatments  viz . no Zn, soil application of 16 kg ZnSO 4 ·H 2 O ha −1  (S Zn ), one foliar spray of 0.3% ZnSO 4 ·H 2 O at early bloom (EB) stage (F 1Zn ), two foliar sprays of 0.3% ZnSO 4 ·H 2 O at EB and full bloom (FB) stages (F 2Zn ) and combination of soil application + foliar sprays of ZnSO 4 .H 2 O (S Zn +F 1Zn  and S Zn +F 2Zn ) were tested. The results showed that soil application of 16 kg ha −1  of ZnSO 4 ·H 2 O followed by two foliar sprays of 0.3% ZnSO 4 ·H 2 O at EB (R1) and FB (R2) stages recorded maximum increase in grain yield (43.7%) and grain Zn content (22.7%) over control. However, in straw, a three-fold increase in Zn content was recorded. Foliar applications of 0.3% ZnSO 4 ·H 2 O at EB and EB+FB stages recorded a significant increase in grain (8.2% and 11.4%) and straw Zn content (63.0% and 104.0%) over control. In conclusion, combination of soil (S Zn ) + foliar (F 2Zn ) Zn application method was most remunerative with maximum production and monetary efficiencies (15 kg ha −1  day −1  and $7.5 ha −1  day −1 ) and is an effective approach for grain and straw Zn biofortification in cowpea.

archives of agronomy and soil science

Zinc biofortification of dual-purpose cowpea [ Vigna unguiculata  (L.) Walp.] for enhancing the productivity and nutritional quality in a semi-arid regions of India