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The current experiment envisages estimating nitrification and elucidates the mechanistic processes of nitrogen mineralization in a long-term fertilizer experiment (LTFE) on a soybean-wheat cropping system. The experiment had four treatments: fallow (no fertilizer and no crop), control (no fertilizer), inorganic (recommended dose as 100% NPK), and integrated (100% NPK + farmyard manure FYM). The potential nitrification rate (PNR) estimated as µg NO 3−  produced g −1  soil d −1  was 0.88 in fallow, 1.86 in control, 1.278 in 100% NPK, and 1.493 in 100% NPK + FYM. Real-time PCR quantification of bacterial  amoA  gene (× 10 4amoA  gene copies g −1  soil) was 19.33 in fallow, 43.33 in control, 30.33 in 100% NPK, and 29.33 in 100% NPK + FYM. The  amoA  gene copies (x 10 4  gene copies g −1  soil) of archaea ranged from 11.67 to 38.67. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) of soils indicated that the intensity of the NH 4+  minerals was highest in control and lowest in fallow. Soybean grain and biomass yields were highest in 100% NPK + FYM and lowest in control. The study highlights that continuous cropping without fertilizer may alter soil microbial metabolism for the acquisition of nitrogen from mineralization of readily unavailable mineral fractions.

Nitrification under the influence of long-term fertilizer application in a tropical vertisol