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Hemoglobinopathies are quite common in India, and multiple awareness and screening initiatives exist for detection of thalassemia in the population. One of the most common and successfully used method for thalassemia screening is the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) test. However, in spite of its excellent usefulness as a screening tool, there are situations where HPLC alone may not be able to make an accurate diagnosis. Here we highlight a fairly common situation where HPLC alone failed to confirm the diagnosis. A detailed family and transfusion history along with clinical examination and investigations, such as a complete hemogram, HPLC, along with molecular studies would have aided in diagnosis. Another cause of concern raised by this case is that the most common mutation in our population, such as IVS-I-5 (G&gt;C),  HBB : c.92+5G&gt;C, was not represented in the HPLC, and thus, was missed during the preconception screening process, leading to a chain of events.

Diagnostic Dilemma of Hemoglobinopathies Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Alone: A Case Report from a Resource-Constrained Setting