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In case of an ordinal process () involving three ordered categories, always the following condition holds:whereandare the proportion of items in the first and third categories respectively. Using this fact, Pal and Gauri ( 2019 ) defined a measure called process area of proportions () aiming to evaluate capability of a process with ordinal responses. In this article, the statistical distribution of the sample estimate of process area of proportion () is studied in details using simulations. It is found thatapproximately follows Gamma () distribution, whereandare functions ofand(sample size). Control charts are designed based on the Gamma approximation (GA) as well as empirical distribution (ED) ofand performances of these charts are evaluated based on simulation studies. The monitoring statistic () takes care of the fact that an ordinal process cannot be considered out-of-control ifand/orshifts in favorable directions, and therefore, the proposed GA-based chart does not give false out–out-control signal whenand/orshifts in favorable directions.

Monitoring processes with ordinal data: an area-based approach