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Three individual bacterial isolates previously isolated from two types of soil with a different history of atrazine applications were chosen, purified, and subjected to subsequent work. Identification of the individual bacterial isolates was conducted using molecular methods 16S rRNA and then tested for their atrazine degradation potentials. Effects of different parameters like mixing, starvation, UV exposure, and sodium citrate for enhancing the atrazine bioremediation process by identified bacteria were also studied. The molecular method identified individual bacterial isolates as  Stenotrophomonas  sp. strain SD2 (strain SD2),  Bacillus cereus  strain BC3 (strain BC3), and  Paenarthrobacter ureafaciens  strain AD3 (strain AD3). The bacterial isolate strain AD3 was able to degrade 47.95% of atrazine after 28 days. Mixing strain AD3 with strain BC3 showed almost doubled of atrazine degradation percentage (61.39%) of using strain BC3 as an individual isolate (36.59%). The atrazine degradation efficacy for Stenotrophomonas sp. strain SD2, Bacillus cereus strain BC3, and  Paenarthrobacter ureafaciens  strain AD3 was increased between 1.28 and 4.32 folds after the starvation process. The UV exposure enhanced the efficiencies of the tested isolates either individual or mixtures (from 1.08 to 4.63-fold). Adding sodium citrate as a stimulator to the media of growing the tested isolates enhanced their potential for atrazine degradation.

Managing the efficiencies of three different bacterial isolates for removing atrazine from wastewater