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This study aims to evaluate the resistance profile and the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in 30 isolates of  Klebsiella  spp. and  Aeromonas  spp. recovered from water sold in the streets of Maputo. Susceptibility profiles to 15 antibiotics were performed according to Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines with antibiotic disks on Mueller-Hinton agar plates. Multiplex PCRs were performed targeting 10 ß-lactamase genes, five ESBL (bla TEM -variants, bla OXA -variants, Bla SHV -variants, MCTX- M  Group 1 and Group 9 variants) and five AmpC (ACC variants, FOX variants, MOX variants, CIT variants and DHA variants). The results showed a high prevalence of  Klebsiella  resistance to ß-lactam antibiotics, such as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (62.5%), amoxicillin (56.3%), ampicillin (50%), cefoxitin (43.8%), and cefotaxime (43.8%).  Aeromonas  showed resistance to cefoxitin and ampicillin (71.4%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (57.1%) and imipenem (42.9%). ESBL  bla OXA-variants,  bla SVH-variants, MCTX-M Group 1 variants, and MCTX-M Group 9 variants were the most prevalent b-lactam genes, followed by the b-lactams  AmpC , ACC variants and FOX variants. It is extremely important to improve waterborne disease control strategies, especially in terms of public awareness of the potential health implications of multidrug-resistant strains of  Klebsiella  and  Aeromonas , which are often neglected.

journal of environmental science and health, part b

A high level of antibiotic resistance in  Klebsiella  and  Aeromonas  isolates from street water sold in Mozambique, associated with the prevalence of extended-spectrum and AmpC ß-lactamases