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Effects of cultivar, herbicide and sowing date on bean fly, Fusarium root rot, weed and productivity were examined during 2015 and 2016 seasons using a split-split-plot design. Sowing delayed from 10-15 May (mid spring) to 25–30 June (early summer) reduced weed biomass up to 49% (2015) and 78% (2016) at flowering, and 79% at maturity in control plots. Herbicides decreased weed biomass up to 79% (2015) and 63% (2016) for first-date sowings of COS16 and Talash cultivars at maturity compared to control. Late June sowings decreased disease incidence up to 75% at maturity. Late sowings indicated greater fly infestation and shorter bean plants compared to earlier sowings. Low 100-seed weight and yield (kg/ha) of bean cultivars were obtained for early sowings. This research advised late sowing of beans in late spring to minimize Fusarium root rot, herbicide applications and weed threats, and improve 100-seed weight and yield for sustainable production.

The impact of seasonal variation on occurrence of Fusarium root rot diseases, fly infestations, weeds, herbicide application and yield