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In the present study, we used RAPD marker, COI gene sequence and RFLP analysis to investigate the genetic variation of 11  Pulvinaria aurantii  Cockerell populations from different regions in northern Iran. The twenty-one RAPD primers generated 834 amplification products, of which 702 (84.17%) bands were polymorphic. The genotypic similarity of the populations ranged from 0.46 to 0.85 based on the Dice similarity coefficient. UPGMA dendrogram indicated that there is no clear relationship between genetic distances and geographical distances. An 850 bp fragment of COI gene was sequenced for 33 samples, resulting in five haplotypes. COI sequencing indicated that 63.63% of the samples (seven populations) had the same nucleotide sequence as outgroup (Japan). Enzymatic digestion of  P. aurantii  COI gene (656 bp fragment) resulted in 315 restriction fragments with 11 different sizes. The results indicated genetically differences of the populations but the level of variations was independent of geographical distances. Successful amplification of the COI barcode region of  Pulvinaria aurantiiTwenty-one RAPD primers generated 834 bands with 84% polymorphismIdentify five different haplotypes based on the COI barcode regionDetection of genetic diversity among some populations based on RAPD, COI and RFLPNo clear correlation was found between geographical distances and genetic distances Successful amplification of the COI barcode region of  Pulvinaria aurantii Twenty-one RAPD primers generated 834 bands with 84% polymorphism Identify five different haplotypes based on the COI barcode region Detection of genetic diversity among some populations based on RAPD, COI and RFLP No clear correlation was found between geographical distances and genetic distances

Genetic variation in Iranian populations of citrus cottony scale ( Pulvinaria aurantii Cockerell) based on RAPD, mitochondrial DNA and RFLP markers