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In 1908 Husayn ibn Ali was proclaimed Sharif of Mecca, in 1916 King of Hejaz and in 1924 Caliph. However, that same year he had to abdicate and ended his last years in exile. What happened? The case of Husayn aims to show the importance of an interdisciplinary approach for understanding the political behavior. The aim of this article is to show that complex social environments require a single/multi-selves structure and that this structure is more or less balanced or biased between the two poles depending on the person's age and the type of social environment.

Ageing brain and geopolitical leadership: a bio-psycho-sociological approach to the fall of Sharif of Mecca Husayn bin Ali, 1908–1924