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Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) DNA has been detected in blood fractions, but the cell phenotype with which the virus is associated is unknown. This study investigated the presence of ILTV antigen in peripheral blood cells of six acutely ILTV-infected chickens (5 or 9 days post ocular inoculation with a virulent isolate) and three sham-inoculated chickens using immunofluorescent staining. Blood fractions were separated by Ficoll-Paque density gradient centrifugation, and smears were prepared from erythrocyte and leukocyte fractions. The smears were stained for ILTV glycoprotein E and the leukocyte markers CD4, CD8, Bu-1 (B cell), KUL01 (monocyte/macrophage), TCRγδ, and TCRαβ/Vβ 2  and examined under a confocal microscope. In samples from infected birds, ILTV gE-specific fluorescence was localized in B cells and all evaluated T cell types, but not in monocytes and erythrocytes. The percentage of CD4, CD8, TCRγδ, TCRαβ/Vβ 1 , TCRαβ/Vβ 2  and B cells positive for ILTV antigen ranged from 13.3% to 22.3%. None of the samples from the sham-inoculated chickens exhibited fluorescence for ILTV gE. The results of this pilot study suggest that ILTV has a tropism for peripheral blood T and B cells. Further research is required to investigate whether these cells support ILTV productive replication. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTSSelective tropism of ILTV for peripheral blood cells was demonstrated in acutely infected birds.The ILTV antigen gE was detected in blood CD4, CD8, TCRγδ, TCRαβ and B cells but not in monocytes and erythrocytes.The highest percentage of ILTV antigen was observed in CD4 cells (22.3%) followed by TCRαβ/Vβ 1  (20.6%) ,  CD8 (15.4%), TCRαβ/Vβ 2  or B cells (14.4%) and TCRγδ cells (13.3%). Selective tropism of ILTV for peripheral blood cells was demonstrated in acutely infected birds. The ILTV antigen gE was detected in blood CD4, CD8, TCRγδ, TCRαβ and B cells but not in monocytes and erythrocytes. The highest percentage of ILTV antigen was observed in CD4 cells (22.3%) followed by TCRαβ/Vβ 1  (20.6%) ,  CD8 (15.4%), TCRαβ/Vβ 2  or B cells (14.4%) and TCRγδ cells (13.3%).

A preliminary study of the localization of infectious laryngotracheitis virus glycoprotein E within specific peripheral blood lymphocytes