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In this work, the effects of surface activation and modification of nanoclay adsorbent on CO 2  adsorption capacity were investigated. SEM analysis showed that after activation, the nanoclay layer structure has been retained and did not lose crystallinity as a layer structure. FTIR analysis concludes that structural changes occur even in the early stages of surface treatment with HCl. BET analysis showed that during surface activation, the MMT-4 sample had the highest specific surface area of 144.35 m 2 .g −1  and pore volume of 0.18 cm 3 ·g −1 . Besides, for the modified sample, mesoporous-microporous gradually decrease during surface modification with SH. In the optimisation, the effect of operating conditions including temperature, pressure, acid concentration for adsorbent surface activation, and the weight percent (wt. %) of strontium hydroxide were investigated using RSM. Optimal adsorption capacity of 102.21 mg/gwas obtained at temperature of 25°C, pressure of 9 bar, the acid concentration of 4.03 Mol/L, and SH of 16.25 wt.%. Investigation of adsorption isotherm models indicates a well-fitting correlation between the Sips isotherm model and experimental data. The best fit of the CO 2  adsorption experimental data with Elovich model indicates the connection of CO 2  to the modified sample by forming the chemical bonds due to the high surface energy. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic.

Strontium hydroxide-modified nanoclay montmorillonite for CO 2 capture: response surface methodology and adsorption mechanism