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This study investigates the effectiveness of sludge in coagulation-flocculation treatment for suspended solids (SS) removal from landfill leachate using Tin (IV) chloride and  Jatropha curcas  seed (JC). The properties were examined in terms of the sludge volume index, sludge setting velocity, and floc sizes. Leachate samples were collected from the Alor Pongsu Landfill Site (APLS) located in Bagan Serai, Malaysia. Results showed that almost a complete reduction of SS was obtained at 8.5 g/L of SnCl 4  with the aid of 0.9 g/L of JC seed as flocculant. At this optimum condition, the sludge volume index (SVI) and the settling velocity were 56.53 and 0.78 cm/s, respectively, which are better than the sludge without a flocculant. It can be concluded that the presence of JC improved the sludge property with good morphology; the particles were in a rectangular shape and clumps are strongly agglomerated. These properties of sludge are expected to be effectively dewatered. The results proved that JC seed could help in enhancing the adsorption and bridging mechanism in the coagulation-flocculation procedure. Overall, this study confirmed that the utilisation of sludge in coagulation-flocculation treatment for stabilised landfill leachate using SnCl 4  and  Jatropha curcas  could be a powerful option for landfill leachate treatment.

international journal of environmental analytical chemistry

Sludge performance in coagulation-flocculation treatment for suspended solids removal from landfill leachate using Tin (IV) chloride and  Jatropha curcas