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The current paper describes the results of adsorptive performance of magnetite-sulphur nanocomposite (MSNP) for the removal of phosphate which causes eutrophication; providing algae nutrients to grow at alarming rate and therefore starve other aquatic organisms of much needed oxygen. The nanocomposite was prepared by ultrasonic-heating method using sulphur and magnetite nanoparticles as starting materials in the presence of citric acid as stabilising agent. Formation of nanocomposite was verified by FTIR, SEM, EDX, TEM, UV-Vis, XRD, TGA and pH of point of zero charge measurements. Adsorptive removal of phosphate by the nanocomposite was investigated in aqueous solution by determining the effects of catalyst dosages, contact time, phosphate initial concentrations and pH of the solution on phosphate adsorption. The results indicated that phosphate uptake reached maximum adsorption capacity at 38.58 mg/g, corresponding to pH 4.5, suggesting that acidic conditions favour removal of phosphate ions in water. Adsorption process was consistent with both Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second order. The calculated parameters from Langmuir model and pseudo-second order showed that the phosphate adsorption on MSNP is a feasible process. Adsorption mechanism was attributed to bimolecular interactions involving anionic species of phosphate and cationic sites of MSNP. The spent MSNP was easily regenerated with NaOH and reused for more than four adsorption-desorption cycles. The adsorbent showed good reusability and therefore suitable for phosphate removal and other water contaminants.

Simple ultrasound-heating process for preparation of magnetite-sulphur adsorbent for rapid uptake of phosphate ion in solution