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Pb(II) doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Pb-ZnONPs) was synthesised using the co-precipitation method. The average size distribution of the Pb-ZnONPs is 42.8 nm and further used as an adsorbent to remove Erichrome Black T (EBT) from wastewater. The adsorption of EBT onto the Pb-ZnONPs was best fitted for pseudo-second-order kinetics model, indicating that the adsorption phenomena depend on EBT and Pb-ZnONPs, showing chemisorption phenomenon. The maximum adsorption potential of Pb-ZnONPs (qmax = 200 mgg −1 ) for EBT is far better than that of the already available adsorbents. The high regression coefficient of freundlich shows that the adsorption can be shown by multi-layer process. The value of ΔG° is negative and temperature increases with an increase in the absolute value increases, suggesting the adsorption of dye onto the Pb-ZnONPs is spontaneous. The decrease in the concentration of adsorbed monolayer (Q0 = nNM) from 411 to 43.55 mg/g with the change in temperature revealed that the adsorption process is exothermic in nature. The Pb-ZnONPs have exhibited a variation of about 7–8% of adsorption compared to the fresh sample after 5 th  regeneration.

Statistical Physics Model of EBT Adsorption on Pb(II) doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Kinetics, Isotherm and Reuse Study