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Novel bio-adsorbents based on abundant and invasive plants such as reeds represent an original and ecological route for the development of innovative biomaterials. Sustainable, eco-efficient, and facile processes have been suggested to improve the adsorptive performances and physicochemicalproperties of reedparticles. The morphological, textural, and physicochemical characteristics of the prepared reed-based adsorbents, namely untreated reed particles ( RP ), NaOH-treated RP ( NaOH-RP ), and sodium dodecyl sulphate impregnated RP ( SDS-RP ) were assessed by SEM, FTIR, XRD, BET, and TGA/DTG. The adsorptive performances of  RP, NaOH-RP , and  SDS-RP  were evaluated for a triphenylmethane dye (Malachite Green, MG) elimination from water.The experimental results and kinetic models proved the improvement of MG uptake by modified reed-based adsorbents.The maximum MG uptake capacity of  NaOH-RP  and  SDS-RP  materials reached 82.64 and 102.88mgg −1 , respectively, but it only attaineda value of 75.93mgg −1  for  RP at the same conditions. The used reed-based adsorbents can regenerate four times with an MG removal capacity permanently superior to 80%. Besides, their experimental data obeyed the Freundlich equation and the pseudo2 nd order kinetic model, indicating the heterogeneous multilayer adsorption of MG onto reed-based materials. The adsorption/desorption, kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies, and physicochemical characterisations revealed that electrostatic interactions might be the governing mechanism of MG dye adsorption onto  RP, NaOH-RP , and  SDS-RP . Nonetheless, interactions such as H-bonding interactions, π-π stacking interactions, and hydrophobic interactions would also exist.

Enhanced Malachite Green uptake using chemically-modified reed-based powder: equilibrium, kinetics, mechanism, and reusability