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This study is focused on the preparation of activated carbon based on carob shells waste by chemical activation with ZnCl 2 . The Box-Behnken experimental design with 17 experiences was used to optimise the preparation conditions for better elimination of cadmium and cobalt ions from aqueous solutions. The most influencing factors on the activation process were investigated: impregnation ratio (0.1, 0.2 or 0.3 g/g), activation time (1, 1.5 or 2 h) and activation temperature (400, 500 or 600°C). The experimental results showed that the impregnation ratio strongly influences the removal of matal ions. Crystalline structure, chemical and morphological properties of the activated carbon obtained at optimum conditions were investigated. The adsorption equilibrum data were well described by the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacities of 85.17 mg/g and 61.29 mg/g, respectively for Cd(II) and Co(II). These adsorption capacities were higher than those of a commercial activated carbon.

Zinc chloride activation of carob shells for heavy metals removal from water: statistical optimisation, characterisation and isotherm modelling