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In this research, SBA-15 mesoporous silica nanoparticles were synthesised and characterised using different techniques. Average particle size of synthesised SBA-15 was obtained to be 16 and 33.6 nm from field emission scanning electron microscopy image and X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively. Response surface methodology indicated that 70 mg L −1  initial dye concentrations, 0.1 g L −1  adsorbent dosage, 14 min contact time and pH 9, result in the best adsorption capacity of SBA-15 nanoparticles. According to analysis of variance, the most important factor on the adsorption of all dyes onto SBA-15 nanoparticles was adsorbent dosage. The equilibrium data were fitted by Langmuir isothermal model and adsorption kinetic data are more similar to the pseudo-first-order model. The thermodynamic analysis suggested that the adsorption of crystal violet (CV) and malachite green (MG) dyes on the SBA-15 nanoparticle is a spontaneous and endothermic process, meanwhile sorption of methylene blue (MB) dye was found exothermic. Also, the Δ G0  value in the range of −0.27 to −7.1 kJ mol −1  revealed that adsorption of three dyes on SBA-15 nanoparticles was physisorption. Finally, performance of the developed model was applied for the removal of these dyes in river water and simulated industrial wastewater.

Adsorption of ternary toxic crystal violet, malachite green and methylene blue onto synthesised SBA-15 mesoporous nanoparticles