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The ZrO 2  and MnS 2 -ZrO 2  nanocomposites decorated on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared by sol-gel process. The prepared catalysts were characterised for the evaluation of various structural properties. UV–vis spectroscopic techniques showed enhanced absorption intensity. The band gap of catalyst is reduced by the addition of MnS 2  and MWCNTs, which increases the degradation performance. ZrO 2  and MnS 2 -ZrO 2  decorated on MWCNTs were further characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The average diameters of ZrO 2 , MnS 2 -ZrO 2 -1 and MnS 2 -ZrO 2 -1/MWCNTs were calculated to be 30.57, 39.85, 40.01, 40.49 and 40.79 nm, respectively. The degradation performance was investigated in the removal of crystal violet (CV) dye in aqueous medium using UV light irradiation. Under UV irradiation for 40 min, the photo-decomposition of CV with 50 mg of MnS 2 -ZrO 2 /MWCNTs is 95.21%. Photo-degradation was optimised by using response surface methodology with Box–Behnken model. The recycling test shows that MnS 2 -ZrO 2 /MWCNTs are stable for photocatalysis.

international journal of environmental analytical chemistry

ZrO2, and MnS2-ZrO2 nanocomposites with decorating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for high-performance photocatalysis: Preparation and Optimisation