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Insights into the kinetics occurring during the combined blown (top and bottom blowing) oxygen steelmaking process, particularly at the impact and emulsion zones within separate reactors, can provide a deeper understanding of the refining mechanism in steelmaking. A dynamic model has been developed that can predict the contributions of various refining processes such as decarburization, desiliconization, demanganization, and dephosphorization. The model considers gas–metal interactions at the impact zone and slag–metal–gas interactions at the emulsion zone in an oxygen steelmaking converter. The model includes sub-models for lime dissolution and heat loss calculation. FactSage™ software and its macro programming facility were employed to integrate thermochemical and kinetic information into the model. The model predicts the temperature, composition, and volume of several phases involved in the process. The model predictions transient metal and slag compositions and metal bath temperature, were found to be consistent with the plant data.

Refining at the impact and emulsion zones of basic oxygen steel making process – a fundamental study