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In the present research, the inclined plane test (IPT) and an author-developed advanced mathematical model were used to determine the viscosity of ladle-refining + CaF 2  powder containing 3–10% CaF 2  (LRC powder). The ladle slag powder is composed of such compounds as CaO, Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2  containing percentages of CaF 2  to make special changes to the chemical and physical properties of the compound. The procedure for determination of the viscosity obtained by IPT method was supported using a high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the ribbon lengths of LRC powder obtained by using the IPT method were related to an Arrhenius relationship of viscosity. Furthermore, from the advanced mathematical relationships, it was found that there is a very close relationship between the oxygen-to-silicon molar ratio (O/Si), basic/acidic oxide molar ratio (B/A), the number of non-bridging oxygen per tetrahedrally-coordinated atoms (NBO/T), and the chemical compositions of LRC powder. Hence, the advanced mathematical relationships from the software output, and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), were used to determine the prediction model of the viscosity of LRC powder based on its chemical composition. This model had a very good correlation with the actual values obtained.

ironmaking and steelmaking

Prediction of the ribbon length to determine the viscosity of ladle-refining powder containing CaF 2  using inclined plane test and advanced mathematical model