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Lophodermium  species are well known to be among the dominant endophytic fungi colonizing pine needles. The occurrence of two species with different life strategies on different  Pinus  trees across Slovakia was detected by PCR using species-specific primers. In general, the commensalistic species  L. pinastri  was more frequent than parasitic  L. seditiosum . There were no significant differences observed between urban and natural environments, but natural environments have more frequent colonization by  L. pinastri  and less frequent were trees negatively tested to  Lophodermium  colonization. Among the most frequently sampled trees were non-native  P. nigra  and native  P. sylvestris . A significant difference in  Lophodermium  incidence was detected between these two species in a natural environment, with increased frequency of  L. pinastri  on native Scots pine. In addition to one clade of  L. pinastri , culture based species identification confirmed the presence of  L. corconticum  and an undescribed clade of  L. seditiosum  that is not sensitive to used PCR primers for the species detection.

Checking the balance between pathogenic and mutualistic pine needle fungi of the genus Lophodermium in forested and urban areas of Slovakia