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In this study, the biochar of rice husk was modified to a nanosorbent upon loading with haematite for Cr (III) removal from aqueous solutions. Three adsorbents, rice husk, rice husk biochar and haematite-loaded rice husk biochar, were used for equilibrium adsorption studies. SEM and FTIR analysis revealed the presence of pores and various surface active sites on a nanomaterial, which were responsible for the adsorption of Cr (III). C–H, –O–H, C=O stretching vibrations were observed in characterised FTIR peaks. Modelling of adsorption isotherms indicated best fit for Freundlich isotherm with maximum Kf value of 12,218 and 39.5 for linear and non-linear nanomaterial experimental calculations, and positive  n  value in range of 1–10 for all forms of adsorbents, Dubinin–Radushkevich adsorption saturation capacity  q sshowed high readings of 9417 and 76.8 for haematite nanomaterial, Elovich isotherm favoured non-linear results in case of nanomaterial with increased  Q mvalues 43.4–112.3 from raw form to nanosorbents and Temkin isotherm with. Kinetic and Thermodynamic results were also summarised. Constants  k  and  h  and  Q ecapacity were tabulated for Pseudo second order model with highest  Q ein the range of 20.36–22.52 for haematite loaded biochar nanomaterial. Hence, haematite based rice husk biochar nanostructure was employed as an efficient adsorbent for uptake of chromium.

Exploration of haematite-loaded rice husk biochar as a low-cost nanosorbent to remove Cr (III) from the aqueous media