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The effect of three plant biomasses and two pyrolysis temperatures were investigated on physical and structural properties of biochar. Biochars produced from woody species (lantana and pine needles) had higher mass yields (18.5%–47.8%), C (599.8–623.2 g kg −1 ), N (8.6–15.4 g kg −1 ), humin-like C component (486.8–536.4 mg g −1 ), B (14.5–42.5 mg kg −1 ) and Mo (1.3–2.4 mg kg −1 ) contents than wheat straw biochar. Wheat straw biochar had higher ash content (23.01%–36.14%), specific density (1.45–1.70 g cc −1 ), surface area (295.0–397.4 m 2  g −1 ), O (672.1–753.2 g kg −1 ) content and CEC (0.93–1.43 m.e. g −1 ) compared to biochars from woody species. Compared to 300°C pyrolysis temperature of 450°C significantly increased apparent- and specific-density, ash content, pH, EC, O, P, K, water-soluble C, fulvic acid-like C, humic acid-like C, and carbonyl group contents and the content of all micronutrients except Mo, but decreased mass yield, surface area and the contents of humin-like C and some O-containing functional groups and CEC. The interaction effect between biomass sources and temperature influenced all investigated properties of biochars except H, N, S, Cu, Mo and C:N contents. Different carbon components and functional groups in biochar were correlated with biochar properties.

Effect of three plant biomasses and two pyrolysis temperatures on structural characteristics of biochar