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In this study, the revolution of individual plug constituent particles, the relation between plug length and pressure drop, and the relation between plug velocity and pressure drop were experimentally examined, for a single plug in a negative pressure system, using high-speed video cameras. The horizontal pipeline consists of an 8.8 m long, 30 mm i.d. transparent acrylic tube. The particles used are three kinds of uniform spherical ABS resin particles of 6.0 mm diameter and different densities, and the non-spherical polyethylene pellet of 3.27 mm spherical equivalent diameter. By observing the plug-constituent particles, it was found that more than 65% of spherical particles revolve and about 33–39% of them are forward revolving. Some plug-constituent particles revolve in reverse due to the frictional force between the particles. For non-spherical particles, more than half revolve, although the revolution axis frequently changes and most revolutions are intermittent. Furthermore, a plug begins to be conveyed spontaneously as soon as it is generated, and plug length increases up to a definite length depending on the pressure drop across the plug.

Experimental investigation on the motion of a single plug and its constituent particles in a horizontal pneumatic pipeline