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In this work, a facile and fast green synthesis of highly stable and well-dispersed copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) was successfully carried out using aqueous extract of galls of  Quercus infectoria (Q. infectoria)  as a reducing and capping agent along with ultrasonic irradiation. XRD pattern indicated the formation of the end-centered monoclinic structure of highly pure CuO-NPs with a crystallite size of 30 nm. SEM image of CuO-NPs exhibited spherical morphology with an average size of 20 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy clearly demonstrated the presence of copper and oxygen elements that confirms the purity of biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles. TEM image revealed that the morphology of CuO-NPs was spherical. Antibacterial activity of the  Q. infectoria  galls extract and CuO-NPs was evaluated against two Gram-positive bacteria and four Gram-negative bacteria. The novelty of this study is that for the first time galls of  Q. infectoria  were used for the synthesis of CuO-NPs. The results confirmed that CuO-NPs have been successfully synthesized in a fast, cost effectively, eco-environmentally friendly, nontoxic and also easy method. Antibacterial assays revealed that CuO-NPs are potentially a good source of antimicrobial activity and demonstrating its importance for applying in biomedicine, packaging and general usage such as battery and ceramics.

Green synthesis of pure copper oxide nanoparticles using Quercus infectoria galls extract, thermal behavior and their antimicrobial effects