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In this article, a metal-only reconfigurable reflectarray antenna (RRA) is proposed for generation of diversified circular-polarization (CP) focused beams and mode-agile vortex beams in the X-band. The proposed RRA element has the 3-D metal-only configuration, which consists of three staircases with different heights, a turntable, a latch, and a base. By rotating the proposed RRA element in 45° steps, the ability of 1-bit phase quantization with orthogonal linear polarization (LP) reconfigurability can be realized. Then, a 26 × 26-elements reconfigurable reflectarray antenna feeding by a linear polarization horn antenna is designed to enable free conversion of line-to-circle polarization at the array level. Full-wave simulations show that the diversified circular-polarization beams can be synthesized by adjusting the aperture element distribution. Furthermore, a manually reconfigurable reflectarray antenna prototype is fabricated to obtain the actual performance of the synthetic LHCP focused beams. The measured maximum gain of the LHCP beams is 27.1 dBi, with the aperture efficiency of 24.2% where the beam point at 20°, and the 1-dB gain bandwidth is 18.0% (9.3 GHz − 11.1 GHz). Finally, mode-agile vortex beams can also be realized by using the proposed reconfigurable reflectarray antenna, and the simulated results show that the mode purity of vortex beams are all above 35% in different modes, and the maximum gain of the vortex beams is 21.1 dBi, with aperture efficiency of 6.1% where the mode of vortex beams is −1.

A metal-only reconfigurable reflectarray antenna for generating diversified circular-polarization focused beams and mode-agile vortex beams