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For the first time, a specimen of  Pelophylax pueyoi  Navás, 1922a has been recovered in situ, about 600 meters from the main entrance inside the Libros II mine (Teruel, Spain). The fossil comes from the Libros Gypsum Unit (Late Miocene), and represents a nearly complete articulated adult frog exposed in ventral view, with partial preservation of soft tissues. The only apomorphic character diagnosing the family Ranidae is the presence of cylindrical sacral diapophyses. Other characteristics congruent with that of the family Ranidae can be observed: sphenethmoid fused medially, large and oval orbital fossa, well-developed pterygoids without alar expansion and the inner ramus clearly shorter than the posterolateral ramus, transverse processes of presacral vertebrae and sacral diapophyses of subequal length, sacrum unfused with the urostyle, probable bicondylar sacro-urostylar articulation, transverse processes of the urostyle lacking, absence of ribs, and elongated hind limb. An apomorphic combination of features of the genus  Pelophylax  can also be recognized, such as the more open sacral diapophysis, and less elongated and more robust femora than usually observed in the genus  Rana . Finally, some discrete characteristics permit establishing a close relationship with  P. pueyoi , such as the large size of the fossil, the wide proportion of the skull, and the somewhat trapezoidal distal contour of the V4 transverse processes. The carpus of  P. pueyoi  is described here for the first time, suggesting a similar condition of the adult carpal morphology found in most Neobatrachian species. Presence or absence of a praepollex in  P. pueyoi  still cannot be resolved.

The first discovery of in situ Pelophylax pueyoi (Amphibia: Anura) from the Late Miocene of Libros Konservat-Lagerstätte (Teruel, Spain)