English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Confluence of river channels plays a significant role in channel avulsion, flood plain evolution and dynamics of the fluvial system. The principal objectives of the present study are (i) to analyze the direction and degree of confluence shifting through the recent past (1955–2020) by applying geospatial techniques and (ii) to find out the probable causes of confluence dynamics of the Raidak river system within quaternary geological sites of a Himalayan foreland basin in West Bengal, India, applying fluvio-geomorphological and sedimentary bank facies. Modified Normalized Difference Water Index method is also used. The result shows that the Raidak-Sankosh confluence (RSC) shifted by 9.94 km of the total distance between 1955 and 2020, whereas Raidak-I-Torsa confluence (RTC) has shifted 4.29 km overall distance during the same period. Both confluences were shifted toward the south and south-east directions. Total erosion and accretion area at the proximity of RSC and RTC has been registered as 40.1 sq km and 47.57 sq km and 39.67 sq km and 37.99 sq km, respectively, for the 65-year period. The key factors of confluence dynamics are regular flood events and channel avulsion, non-cohesive bank materials and huge channel bed sedimentation with multiple bars.

Geospatial and fluvio-geomorphological investigation of confluence dynamics of river Raidak within Himalayan foreland basin, India