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The taxonomic situation of the species complex around  Stephanodiscus minutulus/parvus  is controversial. Insufficient species description and fossil type material contribute to persistent confusion. Håkansson &amp; Kling (1990) described  S. binatus  as another morphologically similar species in this group. Following the reinvestigation of the type materials of  S. minutulus  and  S. parvus  by Houk et al. (2014), it seems that these names are often falsely applied to  S. binatus . Monoclonal strains of the  S. minutulus/parvus/binatus  species complex from European water bodies were established for morphological and molecular analyses. Most of the strains belonged to  S. binatus , which seems to be very common in meso- to eutrophic waters in middle Europe. Differing in the barcoding markers, the remaining strains represented a new species,  S. neglectus  sp. nov., morphologically similar to  S. binatus .  Stephanodiscus minutulus  and  S. parvus  were not found. Seven strains of  S. neglectus  sp. nov., seven strains of  S. binatus  and two strains of  Cyclostephanos invisitatus  were subjected to detailed morphometric investigation. Four strains of  Stephanodiscus hantzschii ,  Stephanodiscus neoastrea ,  Cyclostephanos dubius  were also included in the molecular analysis. The morphological differential diagnosis of  S. neglectus  sp. nov. from  S. binatus  is difficult, but the molecular results show that the species are distinctly different. Using three different loci the distance between the new species and  S. binatus  equals the distance between  S. binatus  and  S. hantzschii .

DNA barcoding reveals a new species of Stephanodiscus Ehrenberg