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Cognitive-linguistic deficits are a concern in multiple sclerosis (MS). Thus, clinical management requires knowledge of how impaired cognition associated with MS impacts language performance during everyday communication tasks. This study investigated language performance in narrative monologues produced by individuals with MS compared to healthy controls and the correlations between language performance and cognitive function for the individuals with MS. Thirteen individuals with MS and 13 controls were studied. Four neuropsychological tests from the  Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in MS  confirmed that individuals with MS had impaired cognition and an auditory-perceptual evaluation confirmed that they did not have dysarthria. Narratives were analyzed using the Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT). Primary linguistic variables included inter-sentence cohesion adequacy, subordination index, moving average type-token ratio (MATTR), and mean length of utterances (MLU). Secondary linguistic measures included the total number of words, mazes, utterances, and abandoned utterances. Measures of disease severity, depression, and fatigue were also obtained. When controlling for age and fatigue, the total number of words was the only linguistic measure that significantly differed between groups. Participants with MS produced more words than controls. Significant correlations indicated strong associations between MATTR, MLU, abandoned utterances, and subordination index and the cognitive domains of processing speed and/or executive function. Results suggest that communicative competence during everyday speaking tasks may be undermined by off-topic verbose speech, reduced detail, and unfinished thoughts for individuals with MS with impaired processing speed and/or executive function.

Linguistic performance during monologues and correlates of neuropsychological function for adults with multiple sclerosis